The Qualms of Communication

The Qualms of Communication Free Online Research Papers â€Å"He just won’t talk to me†, or â€Å"She always wants to talk† are the most common complaints from men and women in relationships. The differences and problems of talking and communicating have long been an interest for many people. Some say it’s in the different genders’ nature that we are born the way we are, and others say it is the way we were raised and developed our different styles through life. This brings up the ultimate question: nature versus nurture. Scientists have done numerous studies on the differences in men and women’s brains. Although they are very similar, some have shown evidence that the frontal lobe, used for communication, is slightly larger in women. This is their reasoning for women having the capacity to hold and use a wider range of language. It has been argued that if this were true, women would be able to learn foreign languages and have a much wider vocabulary than men. In other studies, where this theory was tested, it was proven false. Scientifically speaking, men and women have the same ability to communicate, in whatever language. Some neurologists still hold strong to the belief that it is a biological difference, and refuse to believe that it is in the way we are nurtured. There is also the belief that the increased testosterone provides a more introvert personality, one that doesn’t communicate as frequently. This same theory is that with the amount of estrogen in women, makes them m ore open with feelings. Studies were done on people willing to take the opposite sex’s hormones and take psychological tests before and after. These tests were non-conclusive, and were not widely published. This leads more people to believe it is how we are raised that determine our amount and type of communication. Psychologists and sociologists, for the most part, believe it is the way we are raised. From as young as still being in the womb, children are spoken to differently. When a woman is pregnant with a boy, and kicks in the womb, people will say, â€Å"He’s going to be an athlete with all that strength†. Whereas when a female baby kicks in the same way it’s said, â€Å"She must be uncomfortable, and is finding her place†. Although there is absolutely no proof of either of these assumptions, it is as a society how we approach the different sexes from that early of an age. As babies grow into toddlers, they are given different treatment as well. Girls are taught to sit quietly and talk, play house or dress-up and talk with each other. They are essentially sharing their imagination vocally and through action. This is a good example of how we almost steer women to speak intimately with each other. Boys of the same age are not expected to sit together and talk. They are playing, in a somewhat similar fashion, just as girls, but with very different undertones. G.I. Joes and cars and trains are their toys, and they are separately battling each other. There is no collaborating on the same ideas, it’s ‘my guy versus your guy’. Sports are also more prominent in the boy’s upbringing. While these can be team sports, there is little to no communication about anything other than the task at hand. When children reach the age to go to school, there is definitely gender stratification that is unspoken, but well defined. The rowdy boys get in trouble for making messes, hurting each other or just causing ruckus. It’s not too often a little boy gets sent to the principal’s office for passing notes in class. Girls do just that, pass notes and talk to each other during classes, which is the most common problem of young girls in elementary schools. The stratification extends all the way through school; examples are home economics and shop classes. There have been several studies on boys and girls of different ages, ranging from five to sixteen years old on how different the same-sex conversations occur, with the most of the results always the same. When two boys were put in a room they sat side-by-side, with little to no eye contact and discussed abstract subjects, almost in a distracted manner. They also looked around the room a lot, with large gaps in conversation. When two girls were put in the very same room with only each other, they purposefully moved the chairs so they faced each other and conversed a lot. There were attempts from both girls to fill a silence in the room with questions and personal information. Deborah Tannen, author of â€Å"You Just Don’t Understand: Men and Women in Conversation†, indicates that â€Å"Men only communicate when they feel the need to impress or show their social status†, whereas for women, â€Å"Talk is the glue that holds relationships together†. It is also said that men are ‘report-talkers’, while women are ‘rapport-talkers’. By saying this, it is meant that men use communication for sharing information, preserving their independence, and displaying their knowledge, among other things. On the contrary, women are the ‘rapport’ talkers, using conversation for interaction purposes or to establish connections, usually based on shared experiences. Even when the ‘reporters’ and ‘rapports’ interact, they approach a conversation in their own specific ways. This can lead to conflict in a relationship or a friendship. When in argument, be it at a young age or into adulthood, the different sexes have completely opposite ways of approaching a problem. Men do not like to talk about why the argument is occurring, just the most direct and simple way to fix it. Between two men, this can lead to physical fighting, in some cases, simply because there was no communication about a resolution. The other common coping method for men is to walk away from a fight. This is especially the case in a man-woman confrontation. Walking away is a way of showing disinterest, and a lack of importance to them, but can also be their way of personally resolving it. Although women have been known to physically fight as well, it is not as common as it is in men. Women prefer to ‘hash things out’, and resolve the issue immediately, not to just forget it. Arguments between women are usually very personal, with direct eye contact and emotional communication. It is rumored that women started the phrase  "Never go to bed angry†. When men and women are conflicting, the major problem is not usually the original issue at hand, but more of the insults and hurt that result from it. Studies done in couple’s therapy show that men lean towards bringing up a grudge they have been carrying, talking about past problems that can pertain to what the current conflict is. Women choose to bring up men’s downfalls: what they do wrong or don’t do at all. When a man feels challenged, he focuses on being right, whether or not he is. It becomes a battle of the wills in a male’s head. Many times it seems if the woman doesn’t like the direction of the argument, it is shifted to unsolicited advice. Being on the defense, they feel, makes them realize what the opposite person should be doing. It is the commonality between the sexes in an argument to fix the other, and to not admit any wrongdoing. As John Grey, author of â€Å"Men are form Mars, Women are from Venus† likes to point out, men withdraw into their caves where the women stand outside and demand attention. A man will withdraw into his ‘cave’ and focus on his particular problem. These episodes can be observed by a lack of interest, increasingly distant, forgetful and an unresponsive attitude. Men will choose to distance themselves from his peers, or spouse, and do independent activities. Women react to personal problems in their own way, which usually involves a friend. It is through talking and reasoning that women can come to a conclusion of their frustration. Talking on the phone, writing in a journal, or having personal contact with someone is the woman’s way of coping. Understanding the differences in the approach men and women take to different situations is the key to success. There are also significant differences in the way men and women speak publicly. It is suggested that men communicate more and are more comfortable speaking in public than women. Usually men talk more frequently and for longer periods of time than women in a business-type setting. For women, a private conversation is a more comfortable setting, where there is no group of people looking at them. This may be because women are more self-aware of their appearance and of judgment. This is only a theory, and many examples can prove just the opposite. There is also the other type of communication, the silent kind. Body language can be just as descriptive as spoken words. It is obvious when someone is upset or happy or scared, simply by the look on his or her face. While speaking, though, men and women have different movements while in conversation. Men prefer their personal space and only use hand gestures when an important topic is being discussed. Women, on average, use emphatic hands to tell stories or share information. They also are more comfortable touching another person to show intimacy, even with people they are not acquainted with. Men do not cross their arms when feeling uncomfortable or defensive, as women tend to. A common body language to men in a conversation is to steeple the fingers together, a sign of feeling superior. The posture of a man or woman can also give signals of himself or herself. When uncomfortable in a private setting, women will cross her legs and fold arms over them or pull her knees up to the chest in a protective stance. Men will fidget or change positions frequently, often standing when not necessary. Another indicator of attitude is the touching or fondling of an object. This is universal for men and women, meaning that they are contemplating something, by holding an object and appearing to study it. Another commonality between both genders is the non-verbal attempt to right a wrong. A simple cough or clearing of the throat can be an indicator that you have sat in someone else’s seat, or are offending them by some sort of your language or discussion. Even things as simple as a smile can have so many different meanings. A man can smile out of happiness, or smile in a sympathetic way. The smile can be an apology or an excuse, but easily misread. Many times men revert to body language, instead of language, when in a situation with a woman. It can be a suggestive smile to an unknown woman he likes, or a sympathetic smile to his wife who had a bad day. Women, who want conversation and consolation and are instead give only the smile, can misread these small signals. It is easier for a man to show his emotions in small, almost unrecognizable signals. When men usually don’t touch others, they will still pat a co-worker on the back, showing friendship or assurance. When a woman is crying, a man will not usually hug her, but rub her back. It is almost completely opposite for women; they rub the back of a co-worker or stranger, and hug and embrace a loved one or anyone crying. It is these differences in body language that s ubtly set us apart. Men and women have their differences and similarities in talking, sharing and simple communication. Although conflict can arise from the misunderstandings, it can also prove to be beneficial if looked at from the others’ point of view. Through a combination of understanding the differences between the ways everyone talks, and how they use body language, there is a middle ground that can be reached. Though no one will ever know how or why the two sexes speak so differently, and whether it is nature or nurture, it will always be. Quite possibly, it is a combination of the two, and by overanalyzing the differences and problems, we create a problem of it’s own. Taking into consideration that we are all different, men and men, women and women, we can possibly solve the qualms of communication. Fast, Julius. The Body Language of Sex, Power, and Agression. New York: Evans, 1977. . Body Language. New York: Evan, 1970. Glass, Lillian. He Says, She Says: Closing the Gap Between the Sexes. New York: Putnam’s, 1992. Goodman, Gerald. The Talk Book. Pennsylvania: Rodale, 1988. Gray, John. Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus. New York: HarperCollins, 1992. Moore, David. The Dependent Gene. New York: Holt, 2001. Research Papers on The Qualms of CommunicationPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenResearch Process Part OneThe Fifth HorsemanAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThree Concepts of Psychodynamic19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThe Spring and Autumn

The Commonly Confused Words Avocation and Vocation

The Commonly Confused Words Avocation and Vocation The English language is full of words that sound similar but have different meanings - or ones that sound different but actually mean similar things. The nouns avocation  and vocation  are among the former group. Although these two nouns look and sound very similar, their meanings are actually not the same.   Definitions An avocation is a hobby or any other activity taken up in addition to ones regular work; it may especially refer to something that is a persons true passion or interest. A vocation is ones principal occupation, often used in the context  of a calling to a particular way of life or course of action. Why Do They Sound Alike? Both  avocation  and  vocation  derive originally from a Latin verb,  vocare,  which means to call.  Avocation  derives from a compounded version of this word,  avocatio, which compounded  ab  (a preposition meaning away from) and  vocare  to create a word that signified a distraction or something off the main path. Since an avocation is an interest thats off the path of ones day-to-day work, its easy to see how this word has come through.   Vocation, in contrast, comes from  vocare  without any alterations. When the word  vocation  appears, it typically carries a connotation of not just a job, but a job thats part of a persons calling in life. It can still be used just as a synonym for job or occupation, but in contemporary usage, it more often has that extra layer of meaning as a job that feels more like a calling. Examples Michel Roux is the chef of a London restaurant by profession and a marathon runner by avocation.Joan Feigenbaum . . . was delighted when she found her true vocation in the Summer Research Program at ATTs famous Bell Labs.(Notable Women in Mathematics: A Biographical Dictionary, ed. by Charlene Morrow and Teri Perl. Greenwood, 1998)Music was  the only vocation  anyone had ever heard of for a blind child, and the church took up a collection of pennies and nickels to buy Pilgrim a fiddle.(Michael Crummey, Sweetland. Liveright, 2015) Practice (a) After retiring from teaching, my father decided to focus on his  longtime _____ of juggling.(b) By  outward account Simone Weil was a failure several times over, yet in her true _____  as a writer  she succeeded brilliantly.(Thomas R. Nevin,  Simone Weil: Portrait of a Self-Exiled Jew. The University of North Carolina Press, 1991)   Answers to Practice Exercises Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words Answers to Practice Exercises: Avocation and Vocation (a) After retiring from teaching, my father decided to focus on his  longtime avocation of juggling.(b) By  outward account Simone Weil was a failure several times over, yet in her true vocation  as a writer  she succeeded brilliantly.(Thomas R. Nevin,  Simone Weil: Portrait of a Self-Exiled Jew. The University of North Carolina Press, 1991)  Ã‚   Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words

International Student Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Student - Research Paper Example This paper would cover all these issues and problems in an analytical way from the available resources. Contemporary Trends on Education Abroad In recent times a large number of students spent a semester abroad to improve their knowledge about foreign languages and also to make new experiences concerning other cultures and habits. Therefore students have to face with a variety of problems due to a new environment such as understanding difficulties or different social behavior and attitudes. Despite occurring problems, it has been suggested that international students might benefit from new experiences in a foreign country, whereas domestic students are likely to acquire appropriate social skills and to widen their horizon. No doubts, there are certain difficulties of an international student, studying abroad, and there are advantages for both, international and domestic students who might take out of a cross-cultural relationship. Students are eager to travel overseas to be internati onal students these days. This variety of students comprises of primary level schools students to university level mature students. There are certain attractions in becoming an international student. Firstly, studying overseas offer students with an unusual familiarity compared to local schools. International students have to adjust to the strange and unfamiliar environment which includes sharing rooms with peers, coming across the four seasons and interacting in languages that could not be well understood in their native countries. Since international students are always involved in experiencing various things, many opted to study abroad for this very reason. Secondly, settling overseas temporarily, students have to plan between roommates whom to purchase foodstuff and provisions because supermarkets are so distant away. Also, they have to choose whom to cook and do house chore as schedules are tense. Hence, bonds between friends would be strengthened since students have to discuss about the planning. This interactive skill of communication will be helpful in their future careers. Sharing rooms with classmates, they have to speak proper English to assure the message is brought across to the other party. In addition, students would be able to learn about other cultures through the stories and knowledge shared between their roommates. Thirdly, students would be capable to go through their preferred school more effortlessly because international institutions are plentiful and, therefore, have advanced number of vacancies. Upon entering their desired schools, students will feel more determined and confident for choosing the courses they are interested in. In overseas schools, students are also trained to speak up and ask questions if they are in doubts. As compared to local schools, overseas schools are more liberal and this results in productive results. Lastly, when students are overseas, they will get the freedom they long for. Students will learn to be more m ature and be responsible in their actions since there is no one to monitor their movements. Problems and Issues Faced by an International Student Some students also suffer through racial discrimination and loneliness. Local students would despise those who travel over to their county to study. These students are being despised because they are of different skin color and work much harder than those local students. Without their loved ones by their sides to support them, many would think of giving up.

Drawing upon two research-based source documents, identify one Essay

Drawing upon two research-based source documents, identify one contemporary issue in HRM and critically analyse how these source - Essay Example The theoretical perspectives for strategic human resource management, on the other hand, provide a guide to a clear distinction of strategic human resource management and human resource according to McNeill and Chapman (2005, p. 98). They provide a review of theories that can be applied to elaborate strategic human resource management. The study aims to make a distinction between strategic human resource management and human resource management. The issue addressed by these two studies is strategic human resource management. These studies aim to provide further information on the issue of strategic to human resource management. The concept of strategic human resource management as addressed by the two studies is a contemporary issue in human resource management. In order to attain goals and objectives in an organization, it is essential to employ the concept of strategic human resource management. The importance of strategic human resource management and its application is addressed by the two studies. Strategic human resource management is a concept within the broad subject of human resource management. Strategies of human resource management incorporate the concept of strategic management in the planning and utilization of human resource. In order to improve efficiency in an organization, it is essential to use the concept of strategic human resource management in addition to the basic human resource management. Strategic human resource management implements changes to human resource management. This ensures a clear understanding of issues in order to sustain a competitive advantage and accomplish the desired results. Strategic human resource management involves the use of proper management tactics in order to meet the organizations best goals. Human resource management is the focus on aspects that affect employees and provide safety incentives and information in order to ensure productivity of employees. Strategic human resource management, on the other hand , provides a work environment and strategies that ensure that employees provide their services with consideration of the objectives of the business (Greer, 2001, p. 85). Even though strategic human resource management sometimes perceived as an independent issue for human resource management, it is necessary to note that the issue is within the broader subject of human resource management. Strategic human resource management requires that principles of human resource management employed before the adoption of strategic human resource management. It is, therefore, noteworthy that strategic human-resource management is an issue within the broader context of human resource of management. The theoretical frame work adopted by the study in the Journal of management applies micro level production to the theories to the human resource management field – therefore, a descriptive one. The method employed explains the concept of the study. The study adopts six theoretical models organiz ation with theories in economics and finance. The theories support the concept of strategic Human-resource management and connect human resource management activities proactive and strategically aimed decisions. The study of the impact of strategic human resource of management of the organizational success, on the other hand, uses the knowledge advancement theory to establish the competitive advantage as well as planned for the organization’

Essay on the Downfall of Okonkwo in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart

The Downfall of Okonkwo in Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe's novel, Things Fall Apart, uses the changes in African tribal culture brought about by European colonization to illustrate the evolution of the character Okonkwo. As Okonkwo leads his life, his experiences, personality and thought are revealed to the reader. The obstacles he faces in life are made numerous as time progresses. Okonkwo's most significant challenge originates within himself. He also encounters problems not only when in opposition to the white culture, but in his own culture, as he becomes frustrated with tribal ideals that conflict with his own. The last adversary he encounters is of the physical world, brought upon himself by his emotional and cultural problems. The manner through which Okonkwo addresses his adversaries in Things Fall Apart creates the mechanism that leads to his eventual destruction. The greatest opponent in life is the one that is created inside the mind. As Okonkwo grows up, he decides to be the absolute antipodes of his father Unoka. Okonkwo perceives his father as a culmination of the weaknesses in man. In this erroneous view, Okonkwo buries his feelings deep within himself. When these emotions emerge, he views them as a sign of weakness. When Okonkwo participates in Ikemefuna's killing, he is deeply affected as he has ended the life of one who he grew to love as a son. Okonkwo is excessively depressed after the slaying, "not tasting any food for two days." (61) As he notices his confusion, he calls himself weak like a shivering old woman. In his emotionless show of strength after Ikemefuna's death, Okonkwo actually proves his frailty by hiding what he feels. Okonkwo is dominated by his private fear of appeari... ...clansmen come to decide what they should do, Okonkwo has already chosen war. As the messenger arrives to order an end to the meeting, Okonkwo is once again driven by his rage and kills the messenger. He realizes that the others were not prepared to fight, and he comes to understand the consequences of his actions. Instead of being executed, Okonkwo decides to take his own life. Okonkwo takes his life as he sees himself a lone warrior in a society of weaklings. This isolation is truly imposed by his decision of how to handle the conflicts which he encounters. His unitary channeling of emotions, cultural inflexibility, and tendency to seek physical confrontation are compiled into a single notion. The idealized vision of a warrior by which Okonkwo lives is the instrument that leads to the climax of Achebe's novel, Things Fall Apart: Okonkwo's demise.

Case Study: Rule Utilitarianism or Act Utilitarianism? Essay

This paper examines the procedure that were followed that it is a common sight to see on the street, children and sometimes old, physically handicapped, beggars and sickly people begging for food and some money. It critically examines these procedures in the moral dilemma with reference of applying the concepts: rule and act utilitarianism. Should we give these beggars money or not? In deciding whether we give or not, the answer for that is we should give. Why? Act utilitarianism basically states that an action is moral if it produces the greatest happiness for the most people. This reason alone the act of giving them would be a good idea, because it would benefit the most amount of people. At a first glance in the problem, by just wishing them to just go away, ignoring and disappear from our sight is directly immoral. You’re giving them pain despite the rule of greatest happiness and pleasure – utilitarianism. However in the contrary it is really right that by giving it encourages them to become lazy and to be dependent on us, but what we are looking here is our act how we respond to them. That is our focal point giving them or not giving them by the prospect of utilitarianism in which we should act in such way that our actions produce the greatest happiness or pleasure. Whatever will be the consequences on how they used the money were out of that. If we reflect off of the act utilitarianism it is all about happiness the pleasure that is produced by the action. If we don’t give them even the smallest amount of money, we feel guilty and there is no pleasure. Here is that we will be viewed and judged as being moral through our actions. With this case, it was stated that is it not true that these people need the money more than we do, right here and right now? The truth is it is really true that they need the money more than we do because why would they be asking money if they didn’t need it? And see? The effect of giving them is pleasure. In terms of my own feelings, using the act utilitarianism is the better option with regards to the problem of this case than rule utilitarianism. Focusing on how we act, what are our actions, and especially the importance of the act of giving. In rule utilitarianism, we all have different rules on what we do. For example, the rules that govern my action are really not to give them money because of believing that it encourages them to be lazy and dependent. For me, it is a pleasure. But let’s try to think about others? The majority? Where is now the happiness for the most amount of people? That’s why act utilitarianism for me is the better option. It enables me to provide a strong foundation in this problem. Finally, no matter what really is the right concept here in this particular dilemma, all things that work for good are morally right.

The National Statistics For Computer Ownership Essay

According with the U.S Bureau Census the national statistics for computer ownership in the U.S. in 2013 reached the 83.8% of households while the internet usage reached 74.4% of them, regardless of age; income; educational attainment and race or gender. In addition to that, from the 116,291 households surveyed; 73, 371 householders where between the ages of 0- 17 and around 92.1% of computer owners and 77.7% of internet users oscillated among the 15-34 years. Reason why during the last decade pornography turned out to be easily available and abundant mainly though Internet (Braun-Courville Rojas, 2009). The above data expose how everyday internet pornography get closer to our underage teens and children all around the nation and without distinction. Researchers Ybarra, Mitchell, Hamburger Diener-West and Leaf suggested that national data pointed out that around 23% of teens between ages 10-15 in the U.S. have searched for pornography intentionally during the past year (2011). Likewise, by the time teens in the country reach the 14 years old, approximately 66% of men and 39% of women will have seen pornographic material either print, film or through internet at least once during the past 12 months (Brown L’Engle, 2009). In 2010, Todd Melby mentioned in his article â€Å"Teens, Porn and Digital Age† that approximate 400 million web pages display sexual explicit material while a press release put out in the same year by net filtering firm Optenet suggested that around 37% ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Week 1 Business Statistics755 Words   |  4 Pagesvalue gives an actual quantity that can mean â€Å"how much†, or â€Å"how many†. Whereas qualitative means we are simply recording into which of the catego ries the element falls. (Bowerman, OConnell, Murphree, Orris, J. B. (2012).   Essentials of Business Statistics 4th ed.).   A. The dollar amount on an accounts receivable invoice. 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